§ 336 — Gain Or Loss Recognized On Property Distributed In Complete Liquidation

(a) Except as otherwise provided in this section or section 337, gain or loss shall be recognized to a liquidating corporation on the distribution of property in complete liquidation as if such property were sold to the distributee at its fair market value. (b) If any property distributed in the liquidation is subject to a liability or the shareholder assumes a liability of the liquidating corporation in connection with the distribution, for purposes of subsection (a) and section 337, the fair market value of such property shall be treated as not less than the amount of such liability. (c) For provision providing that this subpart does not apply to distributions in pursuance of a plan of reorganization, see section 361(c)(4). (A) No loss shall be recognized to a liquidating corporation on the distribution of any property to a related person (within the meaning of section 267) if— (i) such distribution is not pro rata, or (ii) such property is disqualified prop­erty. (B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the term “disqualified property” means any property which is acquired by the liquidating corporation in a transaction to which section 351 applied, or as a contribution to capital, during the 5-year period ending on the date of the distribution. Such term includes any property if the adjusted basis of such property is determined (in whole or in part) by reference to the adjusted basis of property described in the preceding sentence. (A) For purposes of determining the amount of loss recognized by any liquidating corporation on any sale, exchange, or distribution of property described in subparagraph (B), the adjusted basis of such property shall be reduced (but not below zero) by the excess (if any) of— (i) the adjusted basis of such property immediately after its acquisition by such corporation, over (ii) the fair market value of such property as of such time. (i) For purposes of subparagraph (A), property is described in this subparagraph if— (I) such property is acquired by the liquidating corporation in a transaction to which section 351 applied or as a contribution to capital, and (II) the acquisition of such property by the liquidating corporation was part of a plan a principal purpose of which was to recognize loss by the liquidating corporation with respect to such property in connection with the liquidation. (ii) For purposes of clause (i), any property described in clause (i)(I) acquired by the liquidated corporation after the date 2 years before the date of the adoption of the plan of complete liquidation shall, except as provided in regulations, be treated as acquired as part of a plan described in clause (i)(II). (C) The Secretary may prescribe regulations under which, in lieu of disallowing a loss under subparagraph (A) for a prior taxable year, the gross income of the liquidating corporation for the taxable year in which the plan of complete liquidation is adopted shall be increased by the amount of the disallowed loss. (3) In the case of any liquidation to which section 332 applies, no loss shall be recognized to the liquidating corporation on any distribution in such liquidation. The preceding sentence shall apply to any distribution to the 80-percent distributee only if subsection (a) or (b)(1) of section 337 applies to such distribution. (e) Under regulations prescribed by the Secretary, if— (1) a corporation owns stock in another corporation meeting the requirements of section 1504(a)(2), and (2) such corporation sells, exchanges, or distributes all of such stock,