§ 18901 — Definitions

In this division: (1) The term “artificial intelligence” or “AI” has the meaning given such term in section 9401 of title 15. (2) The term “awardee” means the legal entity to which Federal assistance is awarded and that is accountable to the Federal Government for the use of the funds provided. (3) The term “award personnel” means principal investigators and co-principal investigators, faculty, postdoctoral researchers, and other employees supported by a grant, cooperative agreement, or contract under Federal law. (4) The term “biomanufacturing” means the utilization of biological systems to develop new and advance existing products, tools, and processes at commercial scale. (5) The term “emerging research institution” means an institution of higher education with an established undergraduate or graduate program that has less than $50,000,000 in Federal research expenditures. (6) The term “engineering biology” means the application of engineering design principles and practices to biological systems, including molecular and cellular systems, to advance fundamental understanding of complex natural systems and to enable novel or optimize functions and capabilities. (7) The term “EPSCoR” has the meaning given the term in section 502 of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p note). (8) The term “EPSCoR institution” means an institution of higher education, nonprofit organization, or other institution located in a jurisdiction eligible to participate in the program under section 1862g of this title. (9) The term “Federal laboratory” has the meaning given such term in section 3703 of title 15. (10) The term “Federal research agency” means any Federal agency with an annual extramural research expenditure of over $100,000,000 in fiscal year 2022 constant dollars. (11) The term “Foundation” means the National Science Foundation. (12) The term “historically Black college and university” has the meaning given the term “part B institution” in section 1061 of title 20. (13) The term “institution of higher education” has the meaning given the term in section 1001(a) of title 20. (14) The term “interagency working group on inclusion in STEM” means the interagency working group established by section 6626 of this title. (15) The term “labor organization” has the meaning given the term in section 152(5) of title 29, except that such term shall also include— (A) any organization composed of labor organizations, such as a labor union federation or a State or municipal labor body; and (B) any organization which would be included in the definition for such term under such section 152(5) of title 29 but for the fact that the organization represents— (i) individuals employed by the United States, any wholly owned Government corporation, any Federal Reserve Bank, or any State or political subdivision thereof; (ii) individuals employed by persons subject to the Railway Labor Act (45 U.S.C. 151 et seq.); or (iii) individuals employed as agricultural laborers. (16) The term “low-income individual” means an individual from a family whose taxable income for the preceding year did not exceed 150 percent of an amount equal to the poverty level determined by using criteria of poverty established by the Bureau of the Census. (17) The term “manufacturing extension center” has the meaning given the term “Center” in section 278k(a) of title 15. (18) The term “Manufacturing USA institute” means a Manufacturing USA institute described in section 278s(d) of title 15. (19) The term “minority-serving institution” means a Hispanic-serving institution as defined in section 1101a(a) of title 20; an Alaska Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-serving institution as defined in section 1059d(b) of title 20; or a Predominantly Black institution, Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institution, or Native American-serving nontribal institution as defined in section 1067q(c) of title 20. (20) The term “National Academies” means the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (21) The term “non-profit organization” means an organization which is described in section 501(c)(3) of title 26 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such title. (22) The term “PreK–12” means pre-kindergarten through grade 12. (23) The term “quantum information science” has the meaning given such term in section 8801 of title 15. (24) The term “recipient” means an entity, usually a non-Federal entity, that receives a Federal award directly from a Federal research agency. The term “recipient” does not include entities that receive subawards or individuals that are the beneficiaries of the award. (25) The term “research and development award” means support provided to an individual or entity by a Federal research agency to carry out research and development activities, which may include support in the form of a grant, contract, cooperative agreement, or other such transaction. The term does not include a grant, contract, agreement or other transaction for the procurement of goods or services to meet the administrative needs of a Federal research agency. (26) The term “skilled technical work” means an occupation that requires a high level of knowledge in a technical domain and does not require a bachelor’s degree for entry. (27) The term “STEM” means science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, including computer science. (28) The term “STEM education” has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the STEM Education Act of 2015 (42 U.S.C. 6621 note). (29) The term “technical standard” has the meaning given such term in section 12(d)(5) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note). (30) The term “Tribal College or University” has the meaning given such term in section 1059c of title 20.