§ 273 — Organ Procurement Organizations

(1) The Secretary may make grants for the planning of qualified organ procurement organizations described in subsection (b). (2) The Secretary may make grants for the establishment, initial operation, consolidation, and expansion of qualified organ procurement organizations described in subsection (b). (1) and— (A) is a nonprofit entity, (B) has accounting and other fiscal procedures (as specified by the Secretary) necessary to assure the fiscal stability of the organization, (C) has an agreement with the Secretary to be reimbursed under title XVIII of the Social Security Act [42 U.S.C. 1395 et seq.] for the procurement of kidneys, (D) notwithstanding any other provision of law, has met the other requirements of this section and has been certified or recertified by the Secretary within the previous 4-year period as meeting the performance standards to be a qualified organ procurement organization through a process that either— (i) granted certification or recertification within such 4-year period with such certification or recertification in effect as of January 1, 2000, and remaining in effect through the earlier of— (I) January 1, 2002; or (II) the completion of recertification under the requirements of clause (ii); or (ii) is defined through regulations that are promulgated by the Secretary by not later than January 1, 2002, that— (I) require recertifications of qualified organ procurement organizations not more frequently than once every 4 years; (II) rely on outcome and process performance measures that are based on empirical evidence, obtained through reasonable efforts, of organ donor potential and other related factors in each service area of qualified organ procurement organizations; (III) use multiple outcome measures as part of the certification process; and (IV) (E) has procedures to obtain payment for non-renal organs provided to transplant centers, (F) has a defined service area that is of sufficient size to assure maximum effectiveness in the procurement and equitable distribution of organs, and that either includes an entire metropolitan statistical area (as specified by the Director of the Office of Management and Budget) or does not include any part of the area, (G) has a director and such other staff, including the organ donation coordinators and organ procurement specialists necessary to effectively obtain organs from donors in its service area, and (H) has a board of directors or an advisory board which— (i) is composed of— (I) members who represent hospital administrators, intensive care or emergency room personnel, tissue banks, and voluntary health associations in its service area, (II) members who represent the public residing in such area, (III) a physician with knowledge, experience, or skill in the field of histocompatibility or an individual with a doctorate degree in a biological science with knowledge, experience, or skill in the field of histocompatibility, (IV) a physician with knowledge or skill in the field of neurology, and (V) from each transplant center in its service area which has arrangements described in paragraph (3)(G) with the organization, a member who is a surgeon who has practicing privileges in such center and who performs organ transplant surgery, (ii) has the authority to recommend policies for the procurement of organs and the other functions described in paragraph (3), and (iii) has no authority over any other activity of the organization. (A) Not later than 90 days after November 16, 1990, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a notice of proposed rulemaking to establish criteria for determining whether an entity meets the requirement established in paragraph (1)(E).1 (B) Not later than 1 year after November 16, 1990, the Secretary shall publish in the Federal Register a final rule to establish the criteria described in subparagraph (A). (3) An organ procurement organization shall— (A) have effective agreements, to identify potential organ donors, with a substantial majority of the hospitals and other health care entities in its service area which have facilities for organ donations, (B) conduct and participate in systematic efforts, including professional education, to acquire all useable organs from potential donors, (C) arrange for the acquisition and preservation of donated organs and provide quality standards for the acquisition of organs which are consistent with the standards adopted by the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network under section 274(b)(2)(E) of this title, including arranging for testing with respect to identifying organs that are infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), (D) arrange for the appropriate tissue typing of donated organs, (E) have a system to allocate donated organs equitably among transplant patients according to established medical criteria, (F) provide or arrange for the transportation of donated organs to transplant centers, (G) have arrangements to coordinate its activities with transplant centers in its service area, (H) participate in the Organ Procurement Transplantation Network established under section 274 of this title, (I) have arrangements to cooperate with tissue banks for the retrieval, processing, preservation, storage, and distribution of tissues as may be appropriate to assure that all useable tissues are obtained from potential donors, (J) evaluate annually the effectiveness of the organization in acquiring potentially available organs, and (K) assist hospitals in establishing and implementing protocols for making routine inquiries about organ donations by potential donors. (c) Pancreata procured by an organ procurement organization and used for islet cell transplantation or research shall be counted for purposes of certification or recertification under subsection (b).