§ 60601 — Space Weather

(1) Congress makes the following findings with respect to space weather: (A) Space weather phenomena pose a significant threat to ground-based and space-based critical infrastructure, modern technological systems, and humans working in space. (B) The effects of severe space weather on the electric power grid, satellites and satellite communications and information, aviation operations, astronauts living and working in space, and space-based position, navigation, and timing systems could have significant societal, economic, national security, and health impacts. (C) Space-based and ground-based observations provide crucial data necessary to understand, forecast, and prepare for space weather phenomena. (D) Clear roles and accountability of Federal departments and agencies are critical for efficient and effective response to threats posed by space weather. (E) Space weather observation and forecasting are essential for the success of human and robotic space exploration. (F) In October 2015, the National Science and Technology Council published a National Space Weather Strategy and a National Space Weather Action Plan seeking to integrate national space weather efforts and add new capabilities to meet increasing demand for space weather information. (G) In March 2019, the National Science and Technology Council published an updated National Space Weather Strategy and Action Plan to enhance the preparedness and resilience of the United States to space weather. (2) Congress makes the following findings with respect to the role of Federal agencies on space weather: (A) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration provides operational space weather monitoring, forecasting, and long-term data archiving and access for civil applications, maintains ground-based and space-based assets to provide observations needed for space weather forecasting, prediction, and warnings, provides research to support operational responsibilities, and develops requirements for space weather forecasting technologies and science. (B) The Department of Defense provides operational space weather research, monitoring, and forecasting for the Department’s unique missions and applications. (C) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration provides increased understanding of the fundamental physics of the Sun-Earth system through basic research, space-based observations and modeling, developing new space-based technologies and missions, and monitoring of space weather for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s space missions. (D) The National Science Foundation provides increased understanding of the Sun-Earth system through ground-based measurements, technologies, and modeling. (E) The Department of the Interior collects, distributes, and archives operational ground-based magnetometer data in the United States and its territories, works with the international community to improve global geophysical monitoring, and develops crustal conductivity models to assess and mitigate risks from space weather-induced electric ground currents. (F) The Federal Aviation Administration provides operational requirements for space weather services in support of aviation and for coordination of these requirements with the International Civil Aviation Organization, and integrates space weather data and products into the Next Generation Air Transportation System. (b) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall— (1) coordinate the development and implementation of Federal Government activities conducted with respect to space weather to improve the ability of the United States to prepare for, avoid, mitigate, respond to, and recover from potentially devastating impacts of space weather; and (2) coordinate the activities of the interagency working group on space weather established under subsection (c). (c) Not later than 90 days after the date of enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the National Science and Technology Council shall establish an interagency working group on space weather (in this chapter referred to as the “interagency working group”) to coordinate executive branch actions that improve the understanding and prediction of and preparation for space weather phenomena, and coordinate Federal space weather activities. (1) The following entities shall be members of the interagency working group: (A) The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. (B) The National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (C) The National Science Foundation. (D) The Department of Defense. (E) The Department of the Interior. (F) Such other Federal agencies as the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy deems appropriate. (A) The members of the interagency working group may enter into one or more interagency agreements providing for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, technologies, and research to operations and operations to research in accordance with this chapter. (B) The Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall enter into one or more interagency agreements providing for cooperation and collaboration in the development of space weather spacecraft, instruments, and technologies in accordance with this chapter. (3) Each Federal agency participating in the space weather interagency working group established under this subsection shall, to the extent practicable, increase engagement and cooperation with the international community, academic community, and commercial space weather sector on the observational infrastructure, data, and scientific research necessary to advance the monitoring, forecasting, and prediction of, preparation for, and protection from, space weather phenomena. (A) Not later than 180 days after the date of the enactment of the PROSWIFT Act, the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, in consultation with other relevant Federal agencies, shall establish a space weather advisory group (in this chapter referred to as the “advisory group”) for the purposes of receiving advice from the academic community, the commercial space weather sector, and space weather end users that informs the interests and work of the interagency working group. (B) The advisory group shall be composed of not more than 15 members appointed by the interagency working group, of whom— (i) 5 members shall be representatives of the academic community; (ii) 5 members shall be representatives of the commercial space weather sector; and (iii) 5 members shall be nongovernmental representatives of the space weather end user community. (C) Not later than 30 days after the date on which the last member of the advisory group is appointed under subparagraph (B), the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration shall appoint 1 member as the Chair of the advisory group. (D) The length of the term of each member of the advisory group shall be 3 years beginning on the date on which the member is appointed. (i) A member of the advisory group may not serve on the advisory group for more than 2 consecutive terms. (ii) A member of the advisory group may not serve as the Chair of the advisory group for more than 2 terms, regardless of whether the terms are consecutive. (2) The advisory group shall advise the interagency working group on the following: (A) Facilitating advances in the space weather enterprise of the United States. (B) Improving the ability of the United States to prepare for, mitigate, respond to, and recover from space weather phenomena. (C) Enabling the coordination and facilitation of research to operations and operations to research, as described in section 60604(d). (D) Developing and implementing the integrated strategy under section 60602 including subsequent updates and reevaluations. (A) Not later than 180 days after the establishment of the advisory group, the advisory group shall conduct a comprehensive survey of the needs of users of space weather products to identify the space weather research, observations, forecasting, prediction, and modeling advances required to improve space weather products. (B) The survey conducted under subparagraph (A) shall— (i) assess the adequacy of current Federal Government goals for lead time, accuracy, coverage, timeliness, data rate, and data quality for space weather observations and forecasting; (ii) identify options and methods to, in consultation with the academic community and the commercial space weather sector, improve upon the advancement of the goals described in clause (i); (iii) identify opportunities for collection of new data to address the needs of the space weather user community; (iv) identify methods to increase coordination of space weather research to operations and operations to research; (v) identify opportunities for new technologies, research, and instrumentation to aid in research, understanding, monitoring, modeling, prediction, forecasting, and warning of space weather; and (vi) identify methods and technologies to improve preparedness for potential space weather phenomena. (C) In carrying out the requirements of this subsection, the advisory group shall communicate and coordinate with the interagency working group to ensure the needs of the governmental space weather user community are adequately and appropriately identified by the survey under subparagraph (A). (D) Not later than 30 days after the completion of the survey under subparagraph (A), the advisory group shall provide to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a briefing on the results of the survey under subparagraph (A). (E) Within 30 days of the briefing to Congress, the advisory group shall make the results of the survey under subparagraph (A) publicly available. (F) The advisory group shall review and assess the survey under subparagraph (A) not less than every 3 years and update, resubmit, and republish the survey in accordance with the requirements of subparagraphs (D) and (E). (4) shall not apply to the advisory group.