Code of Federal Regulations · Section
§ 1.6038D-5 — d-5 Valuation Guidelines
26 C.F.R. § 1.6038D-5
(a) Fair market value. Except as provided in paragraphs (c) and (e) of this section, the value of a specified foreign financial asset for purposes of determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets held by a specified person and the maximum value of a specified foreign financial asset required to be reported on Form 8938, “Statement of Specified Foreign Financial Assets,” is the asset's fair market value.
(b) Valuation of assets—(1) Maximum value. Except as provided in this section, the maximum value of a specified foreign financial asset means a reasonable estimate of the asset's maximum fair market value during the taxable year.
(2) U.S. dollars. For purposes of determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets in which a specified person has an interest and determining the maximum value of a specified foreign financial asset, the value of a specified foreign financial asset denominated in a foreign currency during the taxable year must be determined in the foreign currency and then converted to U.S. dollars.
(3) Asset with no positive value. If the maximum fair market value of a specified foreign financial asset is zero or less than zero, then the asset's value is treated as zero for purposes of determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets in which a specified person has an interest, and the maximum value of the specified foreign financial asset is zero for purposes of reporting under § 1.6038D-4(a)(5).
(c) Foreign currency conversion—(1) In general. Except as provided in paragraphs (c)(2) and (d) of this section, the U.S. Treasury Department's Bureau of the Fiscal Service foreign currency exchange rate is to be used to convert the value of a specified foreign financial asset into U.S. dollars for purposes of determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets in which a specified person has an interest and determining the maximum value of a specified foreign financial asset.
(2) Other publicly available exchange rate. If no U.S. Treasury Department Bureau of the Fiscal Service foreign currency exchange rate is available for a particular currency, another publicly available foreign currency exchange rate may be used to convert the value of a specified foreign financial asset into U.S. dollars. In such case, the source of the foreign currency exchange rate must be disclosed on Form 8938.
(3) Currency exchange rate. In converting the currency of a foreign country, the foreign currency exchange rate applicable for converting the currency into U.S. dollars (that is, to purchase U.S. dollars) must be used.
(4) Determination date. In converting the currency of a foreign country into U.S. dollars for purposes of determining the maximum value of a specified foreign financial asset and determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets in which a specified person has an interest, the applicable foreign currency exchange rate is the rate on the last day of the taxable year of the specified person, even if the specified person sold or otherwise disposed of a specified foreign financial asset prior to the last day of such year.
(d) Financial accounts. A specified person may rely upon periodic account statements that are provided at least annually by or on behalf of a financial institution maintaining an account, including the foreign currency conversion reflected in those statements, to determine the financial account's maximum value unless the specified person has actual knowledge, or reason to know based on readily accessible information, that the statements do not reflect a reasonable estimate of the maximum account value during the taxable year.
(e) Asset held in a financial account. The value of an asset held in a financial account maintained by a foreign financial institution is included in determining the value of that financial account for purposes of § 1.6038D-5(a).
(f) Other specified foreign financial assets—(1) General rule. Except as provided in paragraphs (f)(2) and (3) of this section, for specified foreign financial assets that are not financial accounts and that are held for investment and not held in an account maintained by a financial institution, a specified person may use the value of the asset as of the last day of the taxable year on which the specified person has an interest in the asset as the maximum value of that asset, unless the specified person has actual knowledge, or reason to know based on readily accessible information, that the value does not reflect a reasonable estimate of the maximum value of the asset during the taxable year.
(2) Interests in trusts that are specified foreign financial assets—(i) Maximum value. If a specified person is a beneficiary of a foreign trust, the maximum value of the specified person's interest in the trust is the sum of—
(A) The fair market value, determined as of the last day of the taxable year, of all of the currency or other property distributed from the foreign trust during the taxable year to the specified person as a beneficiary; and
(B) The value, determined as of the last day of the taxable year, of the specified person's right as a beneficiary to receive mandatory distributions from the foreign trust as determined under section 7520.
(ii) Reporting threshold. For purposes of determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets in which a specified person has an interest, if the specified person does not know, or have reason to know based on readily accessible information, the fair market value of the person's interest in a foreign trust during the taxable year, the value to be included in determining the aggregate value of the specified foreign financial assets is the maximum value of the specified person's interest in the foreign trust under paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section.
(3) Interests in estates, pension plans, and deferred compensationplans—(i) Maximum value. The maximum value of a specified person's interest in a foreign estate, foreign pension plan, or foreign deferred compensation plan is the fair market value, determined as of the last day of the taxable year, of the specified person's beneficial interest in the assets of the foreign estate, foreign pension plan, or foreign deferred compensation plan. If the specified person does not know, or have reason to know based on readily accessible information, such fair market value, the maximum value to be reported is the fair market value, determined as of the last day of the taxable year, of the currency and other property distributed during the taxable year to the specified person as a beneficiary or participant.
(ii) Reporting threshold. For purposes of determining the aggregate value of specified foreign financial assets in which a specified person has an interest, if the specified person does not know, or have reason to know based on readily accessible information, the fair market value of the person's interest in a foreign estate, foreign pension plan, or foreign deferred compensation plan during the taxable year, the value to be included in determining the aggregate value of the specified foreign financial assets is the fair market value, determined as of the last day of the taxable year, of the currency and other property distributed during the taxable year to the specified person as a beneficiary or participant.
(g) Effective/applicability dates. This section applies to taxable years ending after December 19, 2011. Taxpayers may elect to apply the rules of this section to taxable years ending prior to December 19, 2011.
Authorizing Statute
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Rules and regulations26 U.S.C. § 7805
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Advanced manufacturing production credit26 U.S.C. § 45X
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Alcohol, etc., used as fuel26 U.S.C. § 40
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Gross income defined26 U.S.C. § 61
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Transfers of excess pension assets to retiree health accounts26 U.S.C. § 420
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Partial exclusion for gain from certain small business stock26 U.S.C. § 1202
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Tax treatment of stripped bonds26 U.S.C. § 1286
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Current taxation of income from qualified electing funds26 U.S.C. § 1293
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Imposition of tax on certain foreign procurement26 U.S.C. § 5000C
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Returns regarding payments of interest26 U.S.C. § 6049
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Signing of returns and other documents26 U.S.C. § 6061
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General requirement of return, statement, or list26 U.S.C. § 6011
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Income from discharge of indebtedness26 U.S.C. § 108
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Indian general welfare benefits26 U.S.C. § 139E
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Bonds must be registered to be tax exempt; other requirements26 U.S.C. § 149
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Trade or business expenses26 U.S.C. § 162
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Accelerated cost recovery system26 U.S.C. § 168
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Amortizable bond premium26 U.S.C. § 171
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Golden parachute payments26 U.S.C. § 280G
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Distributions of stock and stock rights26 U.S.C. § 305
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Transfer to corporation controlled by transferor26 U.S.C. § 351
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Special rules for long-term contracts26 U.S.C. § 460
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Determination of basis of partner’s interest26 U.S.C. § 705
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Taxes of foreign countries and of possessions of United States26 U.S.C. § 901
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Controlled foreign corporations; United States persons26 U.S.C. § 957
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New energy efficient home credit26 U.S.C. § 45L
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2-percent floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions26 U.S.C. § 67
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Certain death benefits26 U.S.C. § 101
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Qualified business income26 U.S.C. § 199A
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Installment method26 U.S.C. § 453
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Certain payments for the use of property or services26 U.S.C. § 467
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Partners, not partnership, subject to tax26 U.S.C. § 701
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Extent of recognition of gain or loss on distribution26 U.S.C. § 731
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Capitalization of certain policy acquisition expenses26 U.S.C. § 848
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Special rules for determining source26 U.S.C. § 863
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Income of foreign governments and of international organizations26 U.S.C. § 892
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Definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 6241
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Computation and payment of tax26 U.S.C. § 1503
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Adjusted gross income defined26 U.S.C. § 62
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Treatment of loans with below-market interest rates26 U.S.C. § 7872
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Basis to distributees26 U.S.C. § 358
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Minimum participation standards26 U.S.C. § 410
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Other definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 860G
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Adjustments required by changes in method of accounting26 U.S.C. § 481
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Definitions26 U.S.C. § 7701
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Insurance income26 U.S.C. § 953
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Returns relating to actions affecting basis of specified securities26 U.S.C. § 6045B
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Information relating to certain trusts and annuity plans26 U.S.C. § 6047
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Enhanced oil recovery credit26 U.S.C. § 43
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Energy efficient commercial buildings deduction26 U.S.C. § 179D
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Redemption through use of related corporations26 U.S.C. § 304
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Certain stock purchases treated as asset acquisitions26 U.S.C. § 338
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Special limitations on certain excess credits, etc.26 U.S.C. § 383
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Optional treatment of elective deferrals as Roth contributions26 U.S.C. § 402A
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General rule for taxable year of inclusion26 U.S.C. § 451
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Qualified ABLE programs26 U.S.C. § 529A
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Charitable remainder trusts26 U.S.C. § 664
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Nonrecognition of gain or loss on contribution26 U.S.C. § 721
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Investment of earnings in United States property26 U.S.C. § 956
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Definitions and special rule26 U.S.C. § 1377
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Relief from joint and several liability on joint return26 U.S.C. § 6015
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Return of S corporation26 U.S.C. § 6037
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Notice of certain transfers to foreign persons26 U.S.C. § 6038B
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Information at source26 U.S.C. § 6041
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Imposition of accuracy-related penalty on underpayments26 U.S.C. § 6662
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Tax imposed26 U.S.C. § 1
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Railroad track maintenance credit26 U.S.C. § 45G
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Zero-emission nuclear power production credit26 U.S.C. § 45U
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Rehabilitation credit26 U.S.C. § 47
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Clean electricity investment credit26 U.S.C. § 48E
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Special rules26 U.S.C. § 52
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Election to expense certain depreciable business assets26 U.S.C. § 179
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Individual retirement accounts26 U.S.C. § 408
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Special rules for nondealers26 U.S.C. § 453A
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Deductions limited to amount at risk26 U.S.C. § 465
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Exemption from tax on corporations, certain trusts, etc.26 U.S.C. § 501
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Definition of regulated investment company26 U.S.C. § 851
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Source rules for personal property sales26 U.S.C. § 865
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Tax on nonresident alien individuals26 U.S.C. § 871
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Foreign base company income26 U.S.C. § 954
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S corporation defined26 U.S.C. § 1361
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Definitions26 U.S.C. § 1402
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Distributions of property26 U.S.C. § 301
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Life insurance contract defined26 U.S.C. § 7702
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Previously-owned clean vehicles26 U.S.C. § 25E
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Electricity produced from certain renewable resources, etc.26 U.S.C. § 45
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Clean fuel production credit26 U.S.C. § 45Z
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Taxation of employee annuities26 U.S.C. § 403
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Last-in, first-out inventories26 U.S.C. § 472
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Allocation of income and deductions among taxpayers26 U.S.C. § 482
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Definitions applicable to subparts A, B, C, and D26 U.S.C. § 643
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Taxable years of partner and partnership26 U.S.C. § 706
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Disposition of investment in United States real property26 U.S.C. § 897
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Administrative adjustment request by partnership26 U.S.C. § 6227
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Citizens or residents of the United States living abroad26 U.S.C. § 911
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Residence and source rules involving possessions26 U.S.C. § 937
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Rules relating to expatriated entities and their foreign parents26 U.S.C. § 7874
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Regulations26 U.S.C. § 1502
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Capitalization and inclusion in inventory costs of certain expenses26 U.S.C. § 263A
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Foreign corporations26 U.S.C. § 367
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Roth IRAs26 U.S.C. § 408A
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Minimum vesting standards26 U.S.C. § 411
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Partner’s distributive share26 U.S.C. § 704
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Unrealized receivables and inventory items26 U.S.C. § 751
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Taxation of residual interests26 U.S.C. § 860C
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Exclusions from gross income26 U.S.C. § 883
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Income affected by treaty26 U.S.C. § 894
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Other definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 989
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Special rules26 U.S.C. § 1474
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Returns of brokers26 U.S.C. § 6045
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Information returns of tax return preparers26 U.S.C. § 6060
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Authority to make credits or refunds26 U.S.C. § 6402
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Failure by individual to pay estimated income tax26 U.S.C. § 6654
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Interest on certain home mortgages26 U.S.C. § 25
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Credit for qualified commercial clean vehicles26 U.S.C. § 45W
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Interest on State and local bonds26 U.S.C. § 103
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Qualified lessee construction allowances for short-term leases26 U.S.C. § 110
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Losses26 U.S.C. § 165
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Charitable, etc., contributions and gifts26 U.S.C. § 170
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Incentive stock options26 U.S.C. § 422
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Deemed paid credit for subpart F inclusions26 U.S.C. § 960
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Election of mark to market for marketable stock26 U.S.C. § 1296
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Returns relating to certain life insurance contract transactions26 U.S.C. § 6050Y
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Clean vehicle credit26 U.S.C. § 30D
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Credit for carbon oxide sequestration26 U.S.C. § 45Q
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Amount of credit26 U.S.C. § 46
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Advanced manufacturing investment credit26 U.S.C. § 48D
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Arbitrage26 U.S.C. § 148
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Amortization of goodwill and certain other intangibles26 U.S.C. § 197
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Interest on education loans26 U.S.C. § 221
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Disallowance of certain entertainment, etc., expenses26 U.S.C. § 274
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Qualifications for tax credit employee stock ownership plans26 U.S.C. § 409
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Unrelated debt-financed income26 U.S.C. § 514
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Rules for allocation of basis26 U.S.C. § 755
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Rules for certain reserves26 U.S.C. § 807
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Special rules in case of foreign oil and gas income26 U.S.C. § 907
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Basis of property acquired from a decedent26 U.S.C. § 1014
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Special rules26 U.S.C. § 1298
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Definitions26 U.S.C. § 3401
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Extension of time for filing returns26 U.S.C. § 6081
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Renumbered § 45C]26 U.S.C. § 28
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Credit for production of clean hydrogen26 U.S.C. § 45V
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Energy credit26 U.S.C. § 48
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Limitation on credit26 U.S.C. § 904
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Qualified pension, profit-sharing, and stock bonus plans26 U.S.C. § 401
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Dependent care assistance programs26 U.S.C. § 129
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Special rules for nuclear decommissioning costs26 U.S.C. § 468A
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Mark to market accounting method for dealers in securities26 U.S.C. § 475
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Basis of distributed property other than money26 U.S.C. § 732
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Straddles26 U.S.C. § 1092
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Qualified electing fund26 U.S.C. § 1295
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Averaging of farm income26 U.S.C. § 1301
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Withholdable payments to foreign financial institutions26 U.S.C. § 1471
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Definitions26 U.S.C. § 1504
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Basis information to persons acquiring property from decedent26 U.S.C. § 6035
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Information with respect to certain foreign-owned corporations26 U.S.C. § 6038A
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Returns relating to cash received in trade or business, etc.26 U.S.C. § 6050I
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Credit for increasing research activities26 U.S.C. § 41
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Definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 150
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Passive activity losses and credits limited26 U.S.C. § 469
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Certain expenses for which credits are allowable26 U.S.C. § 280C
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Assumption of liability26 U.S.C. § 357
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Complete liquidations of subsidiaries26 U.S.C. § 332
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Distribution of stock and securities of a controlled corporation26 U.S.C. § 355
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Period for computation of taxable income26 U.S.C. § 441
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General rule for taxable year of deduction26 U.S.C. § 461
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Special rules for modified guaranteed contracts26 U.S.C. § 817A
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Treatment of variable contracts26 U.S.C. § 817
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Certain reinsurance agreements26 U.S.C. § 845
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Failure to file notice of redetermination of foreign tax26 U.S.C. § 6689
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Branch transactions26 U.S.C. § 987
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Qualified zone property defined26 U.S.C. § 1397D
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Withholdable payments to other foreign entities26 U.S.C. § 1472
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Liquidating, etc., transactions26 U.S.C. § 6043
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Verification of returns26 U.S.C. § 6065
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Mode or time of collection26 U.S.C. § 6302
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Transfer of certain credits26 U.S.C. § 6418
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American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning credits26 U.S.C. § 25A
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Refundable credit for coverage under a qualified health plan26 U.S.C. § 36B
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Clean electricity production credit26 U.S.C. § 45Y
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Other special rules26 U.S.C. § 50
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Treatment of community income26 U.S.C. § 66
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Basis to corporations26 U.S.C. § 362
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Election of taxable year other than required taxable year26 U.S.C. § 444
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Transactions between partner and partnership26 U.S.C. § 707
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Special allocation rules for certain asset acquisitions26 U.S.C. § 1060
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Discounted unpaid losses defined26 U.S.C. § 846
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Definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 864
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Capital asset defined26 U.S.C. § 1221
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Interest on tax deferral26 U.S.C. § 1291
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Passive foreign investment company26 U.S.C. § 1297
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Withholding of tax on nonresident aliens26 U.S.C. § 1441
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Returns as to interests in foreign partnerships26 U.S.C. § 6046A
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State and local income tax refunds26 U.S.C. § 6050E
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Returns relating to exchanges of certain partnership interests26 U.S.C. § 6050K
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Returns relating to higher education tuition and related expenses26 U.S.C. § 6050S
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Reporting of health insurance coverage26 U.S.C. § 6055
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Low-income housing credit26 U.S.C. § 42
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New markets tax credit26 U.S.C. § 45D
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Definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 414
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Qualified asset account; limitation on additions to account26 U.S.C. § 419A
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General rule for methods of accounting26 U.S.C. § 446
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Interest on certain deferred payments26 U.S.C. § 483
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Reserves for losses on loans of banks26 U.S.C. § 585
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Certain revocable trusts treated as part of estate26 U.S.C. § 645
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Insurance company taxable income26 U.S.C. § 832
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Income from sources within the United States26 U.S.C. § 861
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Treatment of certain foreign currency transactions26 U.S.C. § 988
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Functional currency26 U.S.C. § 985
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Other definitions and special rules26 U.S.C. § 1275
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Election to extend time for payment of tax on undistributed earnings26 U.S.C. § 1294
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Requirement to maintain minimum essential coverage26 U.S.C. § 5000A
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Returns by exempt organizations26 U.S.C. § 6033
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Information with respect to foreign financial assets26 U.S.C. § 6038D
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Returns relating to the cancellation of indebtedness by certain entities26 U.S.C. § 6050P
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Identifying numbers26 U.S.C. § 6109
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Elective payment of applicable credits26 U.S.C. § 6417
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Certain fringe benefits26 U.S.C. § 132
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Dependent defined26 U.S.C. § 152
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Interest26 U.S.C. § 163
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Bad debts26 U.S.C. § 166
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Special rules for credits and deductions26 U.S.C. § 642
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General rule for inventories26 U.S.C. § 471
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Political organizations26 U.S.C. § 527
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Special rules applicable to sections 661 and 66226 U.S.C. § 663
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Allowance of deductions and credits26 U.S.C. § 874
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Branch profits tax26 U.S.C. § 884
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Tax imposed on certain built-in gains26 U.S.C. § 1374
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Foreign tax-exempt organizations26 U.S.C. § 1443
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Valuation tables26 U.S.C. § 7520
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Losses on small business stock26 U.S.C. § 1244
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Distributions26 U.S.C. § 1368
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Definitions26 U.S.C. § 1473
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Information with respect to certain fines, penalties, and other amounts26 U.S.C. § 6050X
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Failure by corporation to pay estimated income tax26 U.S.C. § 6655